Monty Python and the Holy Grail
 

Directors: Terry Jones, Terry Gilliam
Writers: Graham Chapman, John Cleese, Terry Gilliam, Eric Idle, Terry Jones, Michael Palin
Cast:

• Graham Chapman — King Arthur
• John Cleese — The Black Knight; Sir Lancelot
• Eric Idle — collector of the dead; Sir Robin
• Terry Gilliam — bridgekeeper
• Terry Jones — Sir Bedevere
• Michael Palin — Sir Galahad
  and a passel of other characters for each
    
• Connie Booth — witch
• Carol Cleveland — Zoot of Castle Anthrax
• Neil Innes — singing minstrel
  and many more actors & characters

Michael White Productions: 1975

Yesterday I had the opportunity to give a presentation for students at California State University — Long Beach on a delightful subject: Arthurian legend and Monty Python and the Holy Grail. The on-campus branch of the Society for Creative Anachronism, a historical reenactment club, was hosting a screening of the movie.

Not wanting to get in the way of the movie ('cuz Monty Python and the Holy Grail is far more enjoyable and entertaining than me) I tried to keep my comments brief — I just talked (mainly) about the symbolism in one scene of the movie: the famous "black knight" skit.
  

In the movie, King Arthur comes to a bridge, and is challenged by an anonymous Black Knight to a duel in order to cross the bridge. A common enough occurrence in most traditional Arthurian myths — but Monty Python and the Holy Grail isn't about "tradition" ... it's focus is on deconstructing and undermining the traditional themes of Arthurian legends, as a way of deconstructing and undermining the symbols and presumptions of traditional politics and social values.

In this regard, Monty Python and the Holy Grail is very much a product and a reflection of its time period — the early 1970s, when Watergate and Vietnam were still very much "current events".
  

So — back to the Black Knight. In traditional Arthurian narrative, the Round Table hero (in this case, Arthur) would have fought the challenger, dealt him a "grievous wound," and knelt down and prayed for his recovery — and as a result the Black Knight would have been beholden to King Arthur, and might even have subsequently been dubbed a Knight of the Round Table.

Following this deep tradition, Arthur would have demonstrated the rightness of his cause (chivalric virtue) through military might (the duel) and indoctrinated an otherwise violent interloper (the Black Knight) into his civilized court (Camelot / the Round Table).
  

Here, after delivering a grievous wound ("I've cut your bloody leg off!" ... "No you haven't!"), Arthur kneels down to pray, but the knight continues taunting and physically assaulting the king. Arthur proceeds to chop away at every other appendage, but none of these wounds seem to have any effect on the Black Knight's ability to continue fighting. Even when the Black Knight is nothing but a limbless torso, he continues to tell Arthur he'll "bite (his) kneecaps off" as the king shakes his head and trots away.

A uniquely hilarious scene, to be sure, but the comedy becomes all the more brilliant when you look at this as a metaphor for the American experience in Vietnam. A superior military force deals a series of debilitating wounds to its adversary, but becomes increasingly frustrated and baffled when the enemy won't quit the field. Finally the "winning" force tromps away in confusion, not quite sure how they could be successful in every engagement, and still have victory essentially denied to them.
  

There are lots of other wonderful metaphors in the film — Bedevere as a critique of the assumption that science and technology can solve every problem; Zoot and the damsels of Castle Anthrax as an emblem of the sexual revolution — but at its heart, Monty Python and the Holy Grail brings to light a new approach to assumptions about established authority.

It's no coincidence that this movie is a product of a time period that rattled long-held beliefs about the benevolent intentions of unchecked authority. More than three decades later, pretty much everyone has come to believe that even the most noble and honest leaders need oversight and transparency in order to achieve trust and respect.

And in that regard, the humor of Monty Python and the Holy Grail helped to add a new chapter and a deeper understanding to the value of chivalry today.

© 2008 Scott Farrell